The war in Afghanistan will be “much tougher than Iraq” regarding efforts to achieve peace and security, U.S. President Barack Obama’s special envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan has told an international security conference…

The history of Afghaniston begins at 330 BC with the rise of Alexander the Great to modern times. Afghanistan is a territory whose current boundaries were mostly determined in the 19th Century. The word Afghanistan is used to refer to that territory, even though, and especially because, it has been known by many other names throughout history. Afghanistan’s history, internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic…